Frozen Shoulder

Frozen Shoulder

What is Frozen Shoulder Syndrome ?

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in your shoulder joint. Signs and symptoms typically begin gradually, worsen over time and then resolve, usually within one to three years.

Your risk of developing frozen shoulder increases if you're recovering from a medical condition or procedure that prevents you from moving your arm — such as a stroke or a mastectomy.

Symptoms

Frozen shoulder typically develops slowly, and in three stages. Each stage can last a number of months.

  • Freezing stage: Any movement of your shoulder causes pain, and your shoulder's range of motion starts to become limited.
  • Frozen stage: Pain may begin to diminish during this stage. However, your shoulder becomes stiffer, and using it becomes more difficult.
  • Thawing stage: The range of motion in your shoulder begins to improve.

For some people, the pain worsens at night, sometimes disrupting sleep.

Causes

The bones, ligaments and tendons that make up your shoulder joint are encased in a capsule of connective tissue. Frozen shoulder occurs when this capsule thickens and tightens around the shoulder joint, restricting its movement.

Doctors aren't sure why this happens to some people, although it's more likely to occur in people who have diabetes or those who recently had to immobilize their shoulder for a long period, such as after surgery or an arm fracture.

Risk Factors

Certain factors may increase your risk of developing frozen shoulder. Some of which are as follows:

  • Age and sex: People 40 and older, particularly women, are more likely to have frozen shoulder.
  • Immobility or reduced mobility: People who've had prolonged immobility or reduced mobility of the shoulder are at higher risk of developing frozen shoulder. Immobility may be the result of many factors, including:
    • Rotator cuff injury
    • Broken arm
    • Stroke
    • Recovery from surgery
    • Systemic diseases

People who have certain diseases appear more likely to develop frozen shoulder. Diseases that might increase risk include:

  • Diabetes
  • Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)
  • Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Tuberculosis
  • Parkinson's disease

Prevention

One of the most common causes of frozen shoulder is the immobility that may result from previous surgeries or fractures. Hence exercising & keeping the joints mobile after any such injury or surgery is the best prevention for frozen shoulder.